CD10 and CA19.9 immunohistochemical expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is the most common malignancy affecting the urinary tract ranking the 5[th] among males and the 9[th] among females' cancers in Iraq. The prognosis depends largely on the histological grade and stage of the tumor at diagnosis; however, there is no reliable parameter predicting the risk of recurrence or progression; molecular and immunological markers may be required to estimate the individual prognosis of patients as well as for effective diagnosis and treatment. To evaluate CD10 and CA19.9 immunohistochemical expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and to correlate this expression with the grade and stage of the tumor. This study was retrospectively designed. Forty-nine cystoscopy specimens of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were retrieved from the archival materials of the Specialized Surgical Hospital and Al-Khadhmiya Teaching Hospital in Baghdad for the period from January 2010 to June 2011. Three sections of 5- m thickness were taken from each case. One section was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin; the other two were stained immunohistochemically with CA19.9 and CD10. Immunohistochemical expression of CA19.9 and CD10 had a significant correlation with WHO 2004 grade of urothelial carcinoma. There was no significant correlation between CA19.9 and CD10 immunohistochemical expression with stage. CA19.9 and CD10 immunohistochemical expression could be of value in assisting the differentiation between high and low-grade urothelial carcinoma cases and consequently in determining the prognosis in such cases

Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, PCNA and CD34 in astrocytomas: a clinicopathological study

To assess the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen [PCNA] as proliferative markers to study proliferative activity and CD34 as an endothelial cell marker in order to study vascular proliferation in astrocytomas in correlation with some clinicopathological parameters [age, gender, site of the tumor, and tumor grade]. A retrospective study wherein a total of 51 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain astrocytoma excisional biopsies covering the period of June 2009 to February 2011 were retrieved from the archival materials of the Specialized Surgical Hospital in Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq. The histopathological diagnosis had been revised and all cases were stained by immunohistochemical technique with Ki-67, PCNA, and CD34 tumor markers. Values were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Fibrillary astrocytoma [WHO grade II] was found to be the most common type among astrocytic tumors with the peak age incidence of astrocytomas found in the second and fifth decades of life, and a slight male predominance had been identified. There was a significant correlation between the age of the patients and the grade of the tumor, Ki-67 and PCNA labeling indices, and microvessel density [MVD] detected by CD34 [p<0.05]. There was a highly significant correlation between Ki-67 and PCNA labeling indices in astrocytomas [p<0.001]. A significant correlation was found between Ki- 67, PCNA labeling indices, and MVD [microvessel density] detected by CD34, and between the clinicopathological variables of astrocytomas [age and grade of tumor]. Hence, Ki-67 and PCNA, as markers for proliferation, and MVD as a marker of angiogenesis, could be used as ancillary methods in the differentiation of borderline grades of astrocytomas

Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human colorectal adenoma and carcinoma using specified automated cellular image analysis system: a clinicopathological study

To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors [ER] and progesterone receptors [PR] in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and to correlate this immunohistochemical expression with different clinicopathological parameters. The study was retrospectively designed. A total of 86 tissue samples, including 33 paraffin blocks from patients with colorectal adenomas, 33 paraffin blocks from patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas and a control group of 20 samples of non-tumorous colonic tissue, were included in the study. The frequency of expression of ER and PR showed a gradual increase from control through adenoma to carcinoma. The frequencies of expression of ER in the control, adenoma and carcinoma were [10%, 15.15% and 42.42% respectively, p<0.001], while the frequency of expression for PR were [10%, 24.24% and 36.36% respectively, p<0.001]. Strong ER and PR staining was mainly seen in carcinoma cases [42.42%, 36.36%, respectively] in comparison with adenoma [9.09%, 15.15%, respectively] and control [0%, 0%, respectively]. The three digital parameters of ER and PR immunohistochemical expression [Area [A], Number of objects [N], and intensity [I]] were significantly increased in a sequence of normal mucosa-adenoma-carcinoma. There was a significant positive correlation between ER and PR in adenoma [r=0.312, p=0.034] and carcinoma [r=0.321, p=0.0398]. ER and PR expression increased in a sequence of; normal colonic mucosa-adenoma-carcinoma, and a positive correlation was observed between ER and PR expression in colonic adenoma and carcinoma specimen indicating that ER and PR may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis